Common Side Effects of Painkillers and How to Manage Them

Painkillers are the most commonly purchased medicines at any pharmacy. Millions of Indians reach for Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, or Diclofenac without a second thought. But these medicines, when misused or overused, carry real risks. Here's what you need to know.

1. Paracetamol (Crocin, Dolo, Calpol)

Paracetamol is the safest painkiller when taken correctly. However:

• Liver damage — The biggest risk. Taking more than 4g per day, or combining with alcohol, can cause serious liver injury. Many people unknowingly exceed the limit by taking multiple cold medicines that all contain Paracetamol.
• Skin reactions — Rare but serious allergic skin reactions have been reported.
• Kidney stress — Long-term overuse affects kidneys.

Safe use: Max 500mg–1g per dose, no more than 4g per day, avoid alcohol, do not combine with other Paracetamol-containing products.

2. Ibuprofen (Brufen, Combiflam)

Ibuprofen is an NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug) that reduces inflammation. Side effects include:

• Stomach problems — Nausea, heartburn, ulcers. Always take with food.
• Kidney damage — Especially with dehydration or pre-existing kidney disease.
• Blood pressure rise — Avoid in hypertensive patients without doctor advice.
• Heart risk — Long-term high-dose use increases cardiovascular risk.

Safe use: Always take with food. Avoid in pregnancy (especially third trimester), elderly patients, and those with ulcers or kidney problems.

3. Diclofenac (Voveran, Voltaren)

Diclofenac is a stronger NSAID commonly used for joint pain and injuries.

• Stomach ulcers — Higher risk than Ibuprofen; often prescribed with antacids.
• Liver toxicity — Rare but possible with long-term use.
• Heart risk — Among NSAIDs, Diclofenac has the highest cardiovascular risk.

General Rules for Painkiller Safety

• Never take two painkillers simultaneously
• Do not use for more than 3–5 days without medical advice
• Always take NSAIDs with food
• Avoid alcohol with any painkiller
• Consult a doctor if pain persists — pain is a symptom, not a disease

Frequently Asked Questions